Film and Video Editing May Be the Most Important Part of Making Movies

To the novice, film and video editing sounds like one of those completely technical subjects, only possibly interesting to people with very logical and pragmatic minds, much like engineers. Visions of darkrooms and sterile-looking studios filled with all types of inexplicable mechanical equipment, where rolls of film negatives are poured over and scrutinized by serious-looking people, then diced, sliced and spliced back together, somewhat completes the overall mental picture. Clinical, stark, precise. But in actuality, film and video editing is much more than celluloid or electronic image surgery. In fact, it's quite the opposite.

Think of it this way; someone shoots a video of your favorite cousin's wedding. The end product is a nice, mostly continuous documentation of the event, with abrupt starts and stops here and there when the main activity changes or moves to a different area or location that necessitates a different "shot". The end result is a compilation of pictures and sound that is considerably better and hopefully more memorable and satisfying than still photographs, but still leaves a lot to be desired.

However, if the same raw video was placed into the hands of a skilled editor, the end result would be quite different. The resulting piece would tell the story of the culmination of your cousin's three-year romance, as narrated by several key family members. It would capture and convey to the viewing audience the couple's wedding day emotions of love, and joy and appreciation for one another and family, anticipation of the new life the couple intends to create together, a bit of sadness for the life they are forever leaving behind, and so on. In other words, in the hands of a skilled editor, the video becomes a "story" with a beginning, middle and end; a cohesive synopsis of the couple's romance. A day in the life...

Film and Video Editing May Be the Most Important Part of Making Movies

What most people not in the film or video industry don't realize is that film and video editing is an art form. Editing is arguably the most important element of film or video production. It is in the editing, the art of arranging pictures and dialog and sounds, that a finished film product is able to communicate a story first envisioned by its writer, and subsequently by a director and producer to its intended audience. Days, weeks even months of shots captured on film or video must be studied, interpreted analyzed and finally distilled into a story lasting a fraction of the time it took to capture it all.

People outside the film making industry have little or no idea about "post production" and the crucial part it plays in the production of a film or video work. It is because of the significant importance of this phase of film and video production that the process takes an extended amount of time to complete.

Much more that cutting and splicing pieces of cellophane together or merely arranging video sequence, editing is a wonderful blend of technical knowledge and skill combined with an artist's creativity and craftsmanship. It is moving, adding, deleting, juxtaposing, scenes, sounds, and images to develop film shots and video clips into a certain context, create specific imagery and timing, evoke particular emotion, create specific imagery and mold them into a story.

Film editing as a craft began in the late 1890's in the very earliest days of motion pictures. In the intervening years between then and now, anyone interested in learning about film or video editing, usually attended college courses or one of a number of reputable film schools to learn the craft.

In his book, "The Technique Of Film And Video Editing", considered one of the best teaching and training tools for directors , Ken Dancyger highlights the history of film editing from its origins. He speaks specifically about the editing of great cinematographers such as Alfred Hitchcock and Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton, taking a detailed look at the fundamental principles of film and video editing. He discusses ideas, practices and styles and choices for editors in the context of theory, the history of film and video editing, and practice. He also discusses new technology and the impact it has in terms of the art of editing.

One of the greatest changes to film and video editing occurred with the introduction of computer editing. Hand cutting and splicing of film, as well as the more complicated, mechanical and "linear" process of video editing, became tedious and outdated with the advent of computer editing in the early 1990's. Editing on computers gave rise to a whole new creativity prized by film editors, as well as lower costs and much more efficiency in terms of video editing.

Whether for film or video, the editing process occurs in three basic steps. These include capture, the editing process itself, and putting the product in a distributable form. During the capture phase, the actual "shots" or picture images are compiled into a format from which they can be edited. During the actual editing process, the collection of shots are organized in a desired sequence and sound is added through "sound mixing" until they form a comprehensive storyline. Once this has been accomplished, the film or video is finalized in the desired format whether film or high-quality video for distribution.

As technology continues to advance, the ways in which film and video are edited will continue to develop and progress. As it stands today, computers and user friend video editing software as well as the Internet have opened the doors to editing so that it is available to not only professional film and video editors. Now students of film and video and film making novices, as well as journalists, writers and the general public have unprecedented access to video editing tools. Several popular video editing programs make film and video editing possible for professionals as well as novice editors, including Avid Express Pro, Adobe Premier Pro, Sony Vegas, Final Cut Pro and Apple Final Cut Studio 2.

With today's technology and the advantage of personal computers, digital camera equipment and the availability of knowledge from new and increasingly powerful software programs, almost anyone with the desire, can learn film and video editing, produce commercial products and even feature movies from their home or personal studio.

Film and Video Editing May Be the Most Important Part of Making Movies
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Comedy Play Scripts

Comedy play scripts have the ability to bring laughter, joy, and entertainment to viewers. Be it for the stage, television or the movies, scripts of this genre invariably have a happy ending, leaving the audience feeling pleasantly satisfied long after they leave their seats. It is exactly this attribute that has added to the popularity of comedy play scripts. Greater importance is bestowed upon comical shows because people in the grip of turbulent times welcome a pleasant change in the form of humor and mirth. They can shed their worries for a while and relax mentally as they watch the amusement light heatedly. Comedies act as a restorative tonic that drenches viewers with joy and a sense of exhilaration. Writing a comedy script requires an equal ratio of a flair for creative writing and an inborn ability to regale others through wit and humor. Conflating the two, comedy play scripts have become a favorite of the masses worldwide.

Comedy play scripts vary based on their intended medium. When written for the movies or the TV, they are always written in the present tense and follow punctilious formatting style, without mentioning any detailed instructions for the actors, directors or the crew to follow. Writing for the stage is less formal with hardly any stringent rules to be adhered to, making it a lot less taxing for the author. Precedence is given to verbosity in stage play scripts unlike funny movies where the visual effect is of predominant importance. Generally, comedy play scripts are short, crisp and frivolous. The sight of characters falling over, slipshod way of dressing, misinterpreting words, situations going berserk, solecism through exchange of places, ludicrous remarks, etc. all add to the vivacity of the show. Funny scripts are imbued with inane idiocies that elicit laughter from spectators.

For most writers, comedy play scripts are difficult to write because the sense of humor should be versatile and change to keep viewers' interest. A good comedy script can be very lucrative for the writer, director, and producer. This is because comedy scripts have a high repeat value; people wants to see the movie again and again, which make them more profitable. Before you write a sitcom, you should learn the basics of script writing within this genre. Sitcoms writers must learn the art of constructing a story, writing funny dialogues, and developing hilarious characters. Hiring a comedy script ghostwriter to edit or build upon your ideas can be quite helpful.

Comedy Play Scripts

Comedy Play Scripts
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Screenwriting Tips: Dialogue, Action and Characters

The dialogue you create for your character should seamlessly fit the character's personality and help move the story. Good dialogue in a screenplay should reveal the uniqueness of a character. If you cover the names of your characters and read just the dialogue, you should be able to identify each of the characters. For example, the main character should not sound like the supporting character. Their mannerisms should be distinct. Make your characters stand out from each other. Allow the audience to become fascinated with the lives of your characters. Do not let your characters chat incessantly in a scene. "Talking heads" slow the pacing of a screenplay. Conversations between characters that are irrelevant to the plot should be lifted out of the script. Avoid "blunt" and "on the nose" dialogue. Focus on purposeful dialogue that will help inject life and depth into your characters.

Focus On Showing the Action

In screenwriting, avoid the temptation of "announcing" to the audience that your character is attracted to another character. For example "Johnny is crazy over Sarah." Instead, go for the "show" and less of the "tell." The action of a character generates more visual and emotional impact than a passive narrative. Unlike novel book writing, screenwriting requires the writer to effectively convey the story visually for the movie screen. Words must channel the character's desires through action, not just merely stating what a character is feeling. The audience wants to experience and see things, not just be "told" of something. Find external means to convey Johnny's craziness for her. Create an opportunity for the audience to form a bond with the character. Set up a scene to show Johnny's strong attraction towards Sarah. Does Johnny get restless around her? When he sees Sarah entering the office building, does he rush to hold the door in hopes of gaining her attention? Rather than "telling" the audience Johnny is crazy over Sarah, "show" the audience how that character acts around the other character.

Screenwriting Tips: Dialogue, Action and Characters

Character Development

The best way to harvest your characters is to observe how people interact with each other in your daily life. Whether you are at a race track, grocery shop or coffee shop, be in tune with your surroundings. Watch how people carry themselves and listen to how they talk to one another. If you are starting out, take a small notepad with you and jot down the funny moments or interesting sound bites you hear from those around you. What you observe and keep in mind that day will help you create characters that are not carbon copies of each other.

In order to garner the attention of a literary manager or agent, screenwriters must demonstrate that they have a distinct voice in their writing and also an understanding of what is commercial in the industry. Screenwriting is the business of writing scripts that have entertainment value. Allow your audience to live in the moment of your story.

Screenwriting Tips: Dialogue, Action and Characters
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Sample Movie Treatment

A sample movie treatment is a document prepared by movie treatment writers to showcase their film script writing abilities. All professional and perspective movie script writers should have a sample movie treatment. They are written with the following intentions:

• Attract new clients.

• Exhibit expertise in writing.

Sample Movie Treatment

• A 'leave-behind' after a sales pitch.

• A self-marketing tool.

• Self assessment of proficiency at writing treatments.

• Teach the craft to novices.

• Attract new clients, with an intention of getting new customers to approach them to handle their treatment writing projects, new as well as old writers prepare samples of their work.

• Exhibit expertise at writing.

• A leave behind after a sales pitch - Executives may listen to a writer during the time the writer pitches their idea. If they perceive even a thread of skill in the writer, they may ask for a completed treatment of the story just pitched or if they need to give it a further thought before handing over the project to the writer, they may decide to buy time and request for a sample movie treatment.

• A self-marketing tool -- A beginner has to create a niche for himself through adoption of rigorous marketing strategies. He does that be preparing samples of treatment and handing them out to all the people who matter and may be impressed by the way the writer has handled the subject.

• Self-assessment tool -- A newbie is seldom aware of their capabilities in totality. He takes up the writing of a sample movie treatment as an acid test to evaluate their own expertise at the craft. The writer may also give the prepared manuscript to a knowledgeable person to get their honest opinion and guidance.

• Teach the craft to novices - Seasoned writers are requested to prepare samples of treatments. These are stocked by libraries or production houses and used by writers in the nascent stage to learn the art the right way. In this way the elders impart training to the up-and-coming writers in need of sample movie treatment to teach them the trick of the trade.

While readying samples of treatment, the writer must keep a few points in mind:

• Ensure that the sample is absolutely flawless in every respect

• Exhibit your latent talent with a promise for better things to come

• Shows mastery while explicitly showing a willingness and talent to handle other genres equally well.

A new comer has to work really hard to win a good name in the field of writing treatments. In order to show that he can do a great job of it, writers compose samples with various readers in mind. Professional movie treatment ghostwriters, teachers, and editors can help newcomers write their own scripts and treatments.

Sample Movie Treatment
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How to Get Your Screenplay Read by Hollywood Producers & Agents

You've completed your screenplay. You put hours in after work, before work, on your lunch break, weekends, and even snuck a few moments in AT work. You've had it reviewed by someone you think knows what they're doing, and they've given you the go ahead that it's ready for Hollywood. It's a miracle you got to this point. You can see it as a movie in your head and you want someone in Hollywood to consider making it. Now what do you do? You have to get producers and agents to read it. How do you do it? You're about to find out.

There are several ways that you can go about getting a Hollywood Producer or Literary Agent to read it. You can call them and pitch your script on the phone, you can hook up with connections you already have, or meet people at a pitchfest and convince them to read it. All of these ways are fine - IF you know who to call and are good at pitching... IF you have connections... IF there's a pitchfest going on that you can attend.

However, if you're like most aspiring writers, you have nothing but your script. No connections. No tickets to pitchfests. No pitch. If that's the case for you, or if you're doing those things and want a tried and true method, then here's what you do.

How to Get Your Screenplay Read by Hollywood Producers & Agents

1. First you have to draft a query letter that has your pitch in it.

Even though you may not have one prepared yet, there are lots of places to get tips on this. You can find articles in screenwriting magazines that will give you tips or you can work with a marketing company for screenwriters to help you draft a professional query letter. Sometimes a script consultant, whose primary job is to critique your screenplay, may also help you write your query letter.

Most importantly, keep in mind that drafting your query letter or verbal pitch is very different from writing an entire screenplay. Writing a pitch is more like copywriting or an advertisement whereas writing a screenplay would be more like a novel. The intention of the pitch is to sell something - to get the reader interested in a VERY SHORT period of time. The long-form is taking someone on a loooongg journey as opposed to taking them out for coffee. Therefore you must pick and choose very specific things to leave in and to take out for it to work. The job of the query letter is to sell the producer on reading your script.

2. After you write your query letter, you have to figure out who to send it to.

If you know of a lot of movies, then you can think of ones that are similar to yours and find the people who produced them, since they are obviously interested in that type. Go to IMDB.com to find out who produced those movies you are thinking of.

You could also buy a book like the Hollywood Creative Directory, which costs about 60 dollars or so, and you can go through thousands of listings there to try to find companies you think would be interested in. The HCD book lists companies, addresses, and contacts, and what projects they've done. It's a very thick book that is an excellent resource for anyone who needs to know the addresses of who's who in Hollywood. The only drawback is that it can be very time-consuming, and if you don't recognize the titles of the projects, it may not help you much.

If you want help doing this part, look for a service that will help you with it.

3. Finally, once you have the query letter written and the names of the people to send it to - and make sure that you have individual names, not just the companies.

Print out letters and envelopes, and send the one page query letter to them. Don't send the entire script. You just want to get them interested enough to ask you to send them your script.

If you've done a good job of pitching it and your story is up their alley, then they will ask you to send them a copy of your screenplay.

Once you send it to them, then you will move into the next phase of the process, which is effectively following up with them.

The most important step in marketing is that first one that will get you in the game.

How to Get Your Screenplay Read by Hollywood Producers & Agents
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How to Write a Budget - The Best Way

Are you trying to set yourself up on a budget so that your financial life is easier for you to manage? Do you want to know where your money needs to go each month so that you can plan correctly and take care of all your expenses? There are a few different theories when it comes to how to write a budget, but there is only one way to make sure you are not surprised by expenses you do not think about. Here is the correct way to write your budget.

You need to start with all of your expenses. This means you need to get a list of everything from your utility bills, mortgage or rent, car payment, insurance, to your license fees, car registration, oil changes, Christmas spending, birthday spending, and everything else in between. Anything that you spend money on in a years time needs to be included in your budget. If you forget about the quarterly or annual expenses you will be surprised by them and it will throw your budget off.

Next, you need to weigh your expenses against your income. Break any expenses that are not monthly down into monthly expenses to make it easier to work with. Then, you need to add them all up and subtract them from your income. The amount you have left is what you are allowed for savings, entertainment, and other things that are not necessities for your survival.

How to Write a Budget - The Best Way

If you are not happy with the amount that is left over, then it is time to look at your expenses closely and figure out what you can live without. You might have cable television just so you can watch one show a week. Maybe that show is offered on the internet for free. Maybe you barely ever watch your television and that is an expense you can throw out. There are many other needless expenses that are usually in our budgets. Take a close look and eliminate anything that is not necessary for you.

Last, you need to figure out how much you are willing to waste on entertainment each month. This is your nights out, your movie rentals, and other things we do for enjoyment. There are many ways to make cuts here and still have a great time. You also need to figure out how much to save for general savings, vacations, emergencies, and other things you might be saving money for. This is how to write a budget the correct way and make sure you do not leave anything out.

How to Write a Budget - The Best Way
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Screenwriting - Why The Inciting Incident It Critical To Your Screenplay

The screenwriting term for the moment that really gets a story going is the inciting incident. Up until this moment, we see the protagonist in their normal world. The inciting incident is something that shakes up that world and causes the main character to take action to achieve a specific goal.

It establishes the stakes of the film: Will the boy get the girl? Will the suburban couple that gets lost in gang territory make it out alive? Will the prom queen escape being murdered by the serial killer?

The inciting incident also establishes who or what stands in the way of the hero reaching her goal. It is the beginning of the real conflict of the story.

Screenwriting - Why The Inciting Incident It Critical To Your Screenplay

In addition, the inciting incident is the first plot point of the story. A plot point is an event that spins the story in yet another direction. A good screenplay has plot points that increase in intensity until the final plot point - the climax.

Here are some examples of plot points in classic films: Scarlet O'Hara meets Rhett Butler. Gone with the Wind. Luke Skywalker's home is destroyed. Star Wars. A lost love suddenly appears in the saloon of a cynical man during World War II. Casablanca. The respected head of a Mafia family is the victim of a botched murder attempt. The Godfather. Dorothy lands in Oz. The Wizard of Oz.

So how did the inciting incidents in the movies above affect the story?

Spoiled, beautiful Scarlet O'Hara, who is used to having men faun over her meets her match. It is the beginning of a tempestuous cat and mouse relationship against the background of the Civil War.

Luke Skywalker dreamed of becoming a cadet and flying fighter jets but he always had a reason not to. Once his Uncle's farm was destroyed, he had no more excuses. He sets off on his adventure.

Rick in Casablanca sticks his neck out for nobody, until Ilsa rocks his world and makes him join the war effort to defeat the Nazis.

When Vito Corleone is gunned down, War Hero and Good Citizen Michael chooses to protect his father by joining the "family business."

When discontented Dorothy lands in Oz, it is the beginning of a journey back home, both physically and emotionally to recognize "There's no place like home."

Do you understand how the inciting incidents set the story in motion? One of the keys to successful screenwriting is to have an effective inciting incident that will set your main character onto a new path, giving both them and the audience a reason to get involved and stay involved - right up to the closing credits.

Screenwriting - Why The Inciting Incident It Critical To Your Screenplay
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